The more you help your toddler put his feelings into words (“I’m mad. I want the truck.” “I’m sad. I can’t find my bear.”), the less they will show aggressive behaviour. ||Don't allow your pet on the couch while you are holding baby. This makes dogs bigger and taller in relation to your infant and may encourage aggression. ||Most newborns need eight to 12 feedings a day — about one feeding every two to three hours ||If your child's scalp is very crusty, put some baby oil or olive oil on the scalp 1 hour before washing to soften the crust ||Wash your hands thoroughly and frequently. It’s not the type of soap that prevents the spread of bacteria and viruses; it’s how you wash your hands. ||Don't ever be afraid to ask for help from a friend or relative. Time away will let you recharge. ||The pacifier’s guard or shield should have ventilation holes so the baby can breathe if the shield does get into the mouth ||The only acceptable punishment for our children is time-out. No spanking, no shouting and no threatening ||Infant constipation is the passage of hard, dry bowel movements — not necessarily the absence of daily bowel movements ||Breastfeeding releases Oxytocin which causes contractions of the uterus, helping to stop hemorrhage and initiating weight loss ||
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HomePreschoolerInfectionsTyphoid Fever
Typhoid Fever
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Causative organism:

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonellae typhi (or salmonella paratyphi) bacteria.

 Incidence:

Worldwide, typhoid fever affects more than 13 million people annually, with over 500,000 patients dying of the disease.

 Mode of transmission:

Typhoid fever is contracted by the ingestion of contaminated food or water with the stool containing the bacteria from a case or asymptomatic carrier.

 
Symptoms:
  • Poor appetite
  • Headaches
  • Generalized aches and pains
  • Fever (reaching 39-40 degree celecius)
  • Lethargy
  • Diarrhea
 
Complications:
  • Overwhelming infection
  • Pneumonia
  • Intestinal bleeding
  • Intestinal perforation
 
Diagnosis:

Stool cultures are sensitive in the early and late stages of the disease but often need to be supplemented with blood cultures to make the definite diagnosis.

 

Prophylaxis and Treatment:

  • Following the regular hygienic measures and avoiding drinking or ingestion of contaminated water or food with the bacteria
  • The Typhoid vaccine could be given at any time after the age of 2 years and could be repeated each 2-3 years
  • The definitive Treatment is by Antibiotic therapy (Chloramphenicol,3rd generation cephalosporin) the choice of antibiotic should be guided by the result of culture and sensitivity as there are some resistant strains.
 For further information concerning the disease, vaccine and /or the treatment call 2356

 

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